June 26, 2009

Serious Games: References, Resources and Templates

This is part of a series of posts on Serious Games. To read the whole series, see the first section: What is a game?

References, Resources, Templates

References

Games and Education in General

Games and Healthcare Training

Second Life

Virtual Patient Standard and Applications

Pervasive Games

Games and Patient Education and Rehabilitation

Resources

Image

Posted by emeiselm at 04:53 PM | Comments (0)

The role of search in corporate learning programs

Enterprise Search as Learning Technology

With the current training industry interest in elearning trends like informal learning, social and collaborative Web 2.0 learning technologies, it's easy to overlook the importance of the humble search box as a learning tool.

More important now than ever

In a time of economic downturn where so many people are being laid off or retired without being replaced, there will inevitably be fewer experienced workers. Corporate memory shrinks and enterprise search becomes even more crucial, as inexperienced users require access to information. Today's worker wears many hats and is constantly learning.

As companies seek to squeeze more productivity out of fewer people and resources, one way to improve efficiency is to connect people with the information they need, as rapidly as possible. The barriers that exist between people and resources within company intranets are profound and economically significant. When the search engine is not up to the task, employees have few options to find the information they need: they can try to click through hundreds of irrelevant and outdated results, they can do multiple searches, attempting to find a search term that yields better results, they can ask a more experienced coworker for a pointer to the information, or they may try to consult a confusing and outdated list of links or bookmarks. In frustration they will probably go to Google or possibly even Twitter to find external information that is relevant, if not entirely in accord with company policy.

Walls around information

Corporations spend millions to create online training. Typically, much of that training is locked away in content packages sequestered in Learning Management Systems. How much of it can be directly searched? How much can be accessed "just-in-time"? Learning Management Systems usually only allow searches based on metadata, not content. Metadata is a notoriously poor way to know what is inside. Does this mean there are adequate reference guides or tutorials available available on-demand outside the formal context of the course? Sometimes, but not always. And even if they are there, they need to be discoverable! If the information in these courses is actually worth something, it should be as accessible as possible to employees that have the right to see it. Within a company there is always a tension between protecting confidential information and the need for efficient access to that information - the lines drawn may need to be evaluated and re-evaluated as times change.

Just-in-time and on-demand training

Employees may be trained weeks or months before putting their new skills into practice. At the point of use, they will likely need a refresher on detail or on the entire topic, but faster than reviewing an entire course. Ideally this information should be available just-in-time, accurately and rapidly. People will search for it based on the task they want to accomplish, not on the solution. If they have taken a course on it, they may search for it by the title of the course, but may not necessarily go to the LMS for that search. Adult learners are very goal-oriented. Wherever the information is, no matter what system it is buried in, it should be discoverable, if not actually visible to users with no permission to see it.

According to Jay Cross in a recent interview on Informal Learning:


Searching for information hidden in people

One of the benefits of social networks is the ability to discover people with ideas and skills. As a friend of mine once said about the business case for using Twitter: "...because the smartest people don't work at your company!" I would offer a corollary: "Because the smartest people don't work in your department!" would be my case for using Intranet social networking. People are fuzzy objects, constantly changing and difficult to define by skills. Putting their names in a talent management system, with a list of skills or courses they have taken or "goals" they have accomplished may not be the best way to find the skills you need within the organization. Things change too fast to be boxed in by job description or learning plan. Ideally some of this social networking data could be included in a corporate search portal, in some useful way.


Discovery of related topics


Ideally, a good search engine will be semantically sophisticated, can guess what searcher really means, and may suggest alternate searches or related topics. This is where informal learning is at its best. Looking for information on one topic could lead the searcher to a more helpful category.

Efficient access to information requires more than one technological solution, but since people tend to try the path of least resistance first - the main intranet search - using that search box should get them at least part of the way there.

Search is a two way street

When a user searches for information or help on a topic, they use what they know at the time, which is not necessarily the same as the keywords used in the solution. Modern search engines learn based on a variety of inputs, including result links that get clicked in each query, related queries, bounce rate, etc. So while the search engine is providing information to the users, they are providing information back to the search engine.

Enterprise Search: making the business case for improvement

Companies spend millions on training but not much on that last mile: fast, accurate access to the policies and up-to-date information that are needed in the unpredictable and changing workplace. For example, in healthcare, if a nurse spends 10 minutes extra searching for information needed right now, that has a real cost. If she comes up with an out-of-date policy or instructions, that can have an even greater cost. The same is true in other industries: access to the right information and the right just-in-time training is crucial.

Further, (anonymized) search trends can be used to help determine what training resources need to be added, or what topics need to be modified to reflect the way people contextualize their information: does what is out there really answer the questions people are asking? I frequently use search results from a department wiki in deciding what articles and tutorials to work on. I may think I've filled a need by creating a tutorial on a specific task, only to discover through watching searches that what is really needed is a set of tutorials or checklists on one or more end-to-end processes that incorporate that task.

According to a recent study of Global Intranet Practices & Trends, over half the organizations surveyed responded that their employees were not satisfied with their intranet search. The reasons why enterprise search is in such a poor state include the cost of upgrading it, as well as the perception that the intranet is neither a priority nor essential for daily work. This is a perception that needs to change to help align learning and learners with strategic goals.



More information:
  • Global Intranet Practices & Trends
  • An Interview with Jay Cross on Informal Learning

    • Posted by emeiselm at 04:51 PM | Comments (0)

    February 16, 2009

    Enable commenting in Adobe Reader, then use a PDF as a whiteboard

    Writing notes and sketching on PDF's using a Tablet PC can be an excellent replacement for a blackboard or whiteboard in the classroom, meetings or lectures. Easier than using Powerpoint, especially when you want to improvise, it is particularly useful for annotating complex diagrams, music, mathematical problems, or anything requiring gridlines or graph paper.

    On a Lenovo Tablet PC, you can use the clipping function to drop PDF's into the Journal application and type or write on them with the pen. The pen has good enough resolution to write legibly, and draw lines and curves.

    Picture 14.jpeg

    Marked up PDF's make good digital handouts, because the entire multi-page file can be saved complete with your comments, arrows and sketch-lines intact on all pages. After the lecture just save the file, and put it online for download by your class or audience. The main drawback with using the Pencil tool rather than the pen in Journal is that the Pencil tool isn't as smooth and responsive.

    However, on some PDF's you'll find that even when the Comment & Markup toolbar is enabled, it does not show up. This is because the commenting rights are not enabled, which can be fixed in Acrobat Pro. (see image below)

    nocommentbar.jpg

    No comment bar


    Open the PDF in Acrobat, select Extend Features in Adobe Reader from the Advanced menu. The message shown below will pop up, and once you click "Save Now" it will be Comment-enabled.

    extendfeatures.jpeg
    Picture 13.jpeg

    Posted by emeiselm at 11:06 PM | Comments (0)

    April 26, 2007

    A SCORM-compatible learning module template: Part 1 of 6

    Part 1: Features, Outline your Module
    Part 2: Creating the Navigation
    Part 3: Other Configuration Elements
    Part 4: Start Building Your Pages
    Part 5: Modifying the CSS Styles
    Part 6: Branching Behavior

    Features

    This HTML template is designed to simplify the creation of SCORM-compatible learning modules. Some of the features include:

      Example of a finished module based on the template. The look of the template has changed slightly since this article was first written.
    The navigation bar on this module is an example of the current template style.

     


    Getting Started


    Get the files


    Download the template files here



    Module-specific folders


    You will notice that several of the directories have two versions - a "global" version and a "local" version ("css-local," "includes-local," and "js-local"). There is also a "media" folder which is where you will put your module-specific images. This is because on our production server, we use a version control process where the global folders are replaced with symlinks, so that changes to the template will immediately update all templates on the server. Changes made in the local folders will affect that module only.


    The files in the "local" directories and files can be modified as needed, and can be used to override many global settings. For example, the CSS styles can be changed by adding styles to the file "css-local/userStyles.css."




    The directory structure of each module.



    Outline your module's structure

    Start by outlining your entire learning module. List all the pages you want to include. You can change the list after you get started, so don't worry if there are items you aren't sure about.The module structure can be very simple as shown in Example 1, or more structured with chapters and sections as shown in Example 2. This template can accommodate up to four levels if needed.

    Example 1

    The outline below shows a flat structure, with all pages on the same hierarchical level. In this example, all items would be on level 1.

     

    This is the navbar that results from this outline. Links to all items are visible at all times.

    Simple structure outline

     

    		 navbar from simple outline

    Example 2

    This outline shows a more complex hierarchical structure with chapters and sub-sections. In this example, the Competency Criteria page and the Chapter Introductions would be on level 1 and the Subtopics would all be on level 2.

     

    This is the navbar that results from this outline. Only the top level (level1) items are visible at all times. Other levels are visible when browsing any page in the respective chapter. NOTE: each page on level 1 should have a different chapter number.

    Hierarchical Structure outline

    		 array for hierarchical outline

     

    Part 1: Features, Outline your Module
    Part 2: Creating the Navigation
    Part 3: Other Configuration Elements
    Part 4: Start Building Your Pages
    Part 5: Modifying the CSS Styles
    Part 6: Branching Behavior

    For more articles on scorm, web development, powerpoint and other topics, see The Designspace

    Posted by emeiselm at 09:35 PM | Comments (0)